Excavating shovel and the like



March 26, 1935. w. POLGAR 1,996,027

EXCAVATING SHQVEL AND THE 'LIKE Filed Aug. 25, 1954. 2 sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR,

b S ATTORNEY March 26, 1935;

w. POLGAR EXCAVATING SHOVEL AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 25, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR= MLA/AM F0; 9/? 8,

BY 43' ATTORNEY- Patented Mar. 26, 1935, s

1 UNITED;

This invention relates toye xcavatingfor 1digging shovels powered by the well known steam tified; the shovel as seen inside elevation, having a triangular head formedwith digging teeth at the lower edge of its front wall and at the lower edges of its side walls; the headbeingintegrally formed with a shank portion for slidably supporting a gate and means for operating vthe gateto 'i the closed and open position. v The object of the invention is to: provide a shovel constructed to enter materialjto be removed, with a downward and backward camming action, simultaneously forcing :'cutting; ='edges thereof into the materiahwhile tilting'the shovel and its shank, .above'the ground surface, forwardly and upwardly for accumulating a load within the shovel head prior to operating the,:ga te through the mass of material to confine the load in: said head, after which a lift rope is'operated to raise the load and shovelbeam, as. is. well known. Some structural features herein are disclosed in a patent issued to me December, 17th, 1929 Mechanicalcollecting container for cranes, No; 1,740,116. This patent is directed-to a dipper which is simply dropped onto .orover apile of snow, gravel,v sand or other loose material, after which a slide is closed andithe load lifted by a lift line; my present invention relatingto an excavating shovel which is forced into the. groun or other material'for digging purposes. 1 I have,however, shown anddescribed a modi fied form of shovel with vertical walls'on three sides provided with cutting teeth; the head portion'of this form is rectangular and has ashank portion in which'a'cut-off gate is slidable and the top of the head may be provided with a .bracket" for attachment to asuitable boom or other. 818-: ment for forcing the'head into the ground to pick up a load as will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings: i a

Fig; 1 is a more or less diagrammatic perspective elevation showing my improvedexcavating shovel (with parts omitted), permanently secured to the beam :of a conventional steam shovel equipment, including a boom; said shovel, beam and boom operable through the instrumentality of theusual rope crowd and pewerdrumsunder the control of an operator. I I i Fig. 2 shows in diagram the position ofthe shovel and its beam [at the extreme load-,sath S p sition.-

Fig.-,3: is anenlargedside elevation 'of' the imp ove re. ar ab qk nawe Whet e i1.- lustrate the angularitycof "its front wall-.with respecttotheshovelbeam,

Fig. 4-'-iS #8 p13in-VieW ofthe construction PATENT)OFFICE? I 1,996,021 4.EXCAVATING snovEt'ANnrnELI E I aIwiil anifrolgar,nmnginlvt v Application s gue '2 1934, srial'iirbii'rrram i cla ms; (Cl..214-..1 35)-"" in Fig.3, and-showing further theputer portions 01f gate inopposite directions. 1.; U E-x511 3 1 53 w mhe h w n mu? the'line 5+5 of Rig 3 .w; 9f the-beam omitted. i

of a reversible cable'driveior operating acut r s? .dii r m fi peripiivebf am 1,5;

edier .9 '1 d ssi h v in a h h W like h d m l ed 112 3' s e- K1 J Q J 9! guiding a slidable, gate and, 1-for sup'porting gate o erat mea the we redseso h o l iw head walls having cutting teeth and me pper, portion oi said, head having-a rigidbracket for connecti0n,with a, beam, ;o thellik {for forcing Y the head downwardly into-thematerial to beexcavated.-

Fig. is a Surface 70 he sur c o h m i a s fir t. dug out to form a poclietto receive the-shank por tionof this form of shovel, inv making. the initial entrance of said shovel into said-. nater al. A

tion of the inner portions of the said cable driveg while- Fi 9 r planet the mechanism shownin-Figngt v Beferringto-Figs. l and 2 -,of ;the rawin'gs 210 designates onetrpe a lr ne a:ste msh e equipment comprising an-operatprs cabin 1 m un edor r t i n sw fq 42 u orted Fig. 8 is; fragmentary, partly sectionalleva v is a .mi memaryt.ss saiggmnmam on crawlers 13 in the usual way. Hinged to the platformiseboom 14, having pulleys am free end over whichthe trope crowd 16 operates, The-boom about; midway of itslengthycarriesa shipper shaftl'l and certain otherelemfints for s r j,

controlling the vertical angularity. of the b and for operatinga shovel beam 18 on which my improved excavating shovel 19: is-fixed, as i usual in the art, the detailsof these standard constructions not being shown in the drawings; A hoisting rope 20 traversing a pulley 21 serves to raise thefshovel 19; a as will be understood;

v The excavating shoveldetailin Figs; 3 .to 5, andcomprises as shown in Fig. 3-, ,a triangularhead 22 and .a backwardly extending shank- 28; the headrhasra frontiwall 24, inclined downwardly and I f r ard y at a out l d i a her d-J -19 is shown more'sin 45 degrees the longitudinal lineiof the shank. .123, but'of course,'this wall mayv have. any desiredangularity to the horizontal.

' Formed with the frontwall, are parallel side walls 25, and these walls are formedwlth cut-f ting teeth, as shownat 26 and '27, respectively.

In carrying out my invention, I provide a simple yet strong, rigid means for connecting the shovel 19, to-the active end of the shovel beam 18, as indicated inthe' drawings and as it is well knownto those versed' in this. art.

The shank portion 23 of the excavating'shovel V V is. somewhat like that which is shown in. the

. The gate or slide bottom '39 will closed or 7 opened by the action of- 'the said cables as will above referred to patent, with certainiimprove ments which I will now proce'ed'to' describe;

r shank portion 23 comprises a rig'id frame ofparallel side rails andaconnecting'end rail.

36. The side rails have guide grooves37 and rollers 38 through and on-which a reciprocating. gate39 is operated by cables j40 and41, travers- 7 ingin opposite directicns rollers 42* and" 43, re

spectively. which arefix'ed on a reversible shaft' 44 journalled'in'the sidej 'rails and'having'two furtherrollers 45'and 46 secured thereon between saidrollersl43. r Cables45d'and tic-Tare wound around the rollers 45 andi46;" l i tively,* in op posite directions, -the-.ends of v said -cables being secured to said rollers, respective pull on one orthe other cable'45djb'r' 6dwill 'ro-" "so" that a tatethe shaft 44 in one'bjr in,thebtherdirection;

be; explained .more in detail .hereinafter;* I A scraper 48; .(Fig. 5) "sweeps the 'upper .jface of; the gate 39' fre'e ofiinterferingfdirtparticles by a yielding downward thrust on thergateprovided by suitable "spiral sprin gs 549 mounted be tween fixed and'inovablebrackets sound Sire;

spectively. I preferably As clearly shown; the'teeth 26am frontwall 2410f the shovel project beyond or lower than the g teeth '27 of the side walls to penetrate theground first and act as an anchor or steadyinginfluence, just prior to the entrance'ofthe side teetharid to steadygthe powerthrustoffthe'shovel beam- The rear end'of' the shanlr 23: of the shovel is fiiredly secure dlto fthe shovel link or 56, links 53:

The above described cutting teeth 26 -27 may be kept sharp 'for 'easy penetration and said 3 c e shank .e hqw'xi' mane-ma dscribed form.

teeth may beof the removable typeif desired;

v Fig. 6 shows anotherformfpreferably forQdigging foundation and irrigating trenches andcoim prises a rectangular shovelfhadfifi and the-at- The head '54 comprises t woparallei sidewalls '55 7 having teeth '56 formed along their) lower edges, and front and rear walls 57 f'and 58flrespec tively, the front wall only having teeth'59 formed at its ;lower edge. 'Of 1 course, "these teeth also 7 may be of the removabletypef if desired. 'lhe top 60 0f the: shovel head ispartially open, -as shown, to prevent'air cushioning w'ithin said head and attached to t 'essaidjjtop 6b, is-{a rigid spider b'racketfil; having-means as at 62, for at-.

' tachment to a beam or the like forforcing the .shovel downwardly intothegroundj I When' using the shovel of Fig. itisiirstnecessary' to provide a well or pit. 63 u in the surface to be excavated. for receiving the shank portion of the shovel when making the -first thrustinto the earth for gathering a load; after which the a e-=- a -ra s .s zi atf 'ther j sides to add strength-to the shdvel'structurei 1,996,021 I a r e progressive gatherings define a continuous ditch j ortrench 64 in which the shank maybe moved.

If it is desired to dig laterally to the trench 64, f appropriate space, like 63, may be provided .lat-f erally to said trench for the width of the trench 64 itself may be used for an initial positioning of the shovel head 54 transversely to the trench V 64 and the digging continued insuch a position thereof by'advancing along the respective side of5th'e trench '64.[ V g I I also may preferablymake the'formshown in Fig 6 of my device rather broad or wide in its front edge59 and shorter or narrower in its side digging edges 56 which, in my, estimation, facilitate the application of the force of vdigging teethi59and 56 (or 2627 in the earlier embodiment) straight cutting blades or edges may be 7 used. for the digging operation.

In Figs. 8 and 9,11 show the mechanism to operate the'sliding bottom or' gate 39. Inan appropriate place of the'insideof the cabin 11 a V base plate '70-is'securedto 'a portionthereof on .which'aresecuredin a swinging or rocking man er two arms '71 and'72 in parallelism with one thereto, and it is also obvious that insteadof the r another and rockable in" both directions shown'by' arrows 'ma and 7012i The upper ends'bfsaid arms carry a shaft'fl3 journalled therein.- A secand shaft '74 lsalso journalled in an'appropriate 30 i 71 and 72 are rockablefaround said shaft 74.-

member '70:; on thebase plate and said arms- One end of theshaft 74 carries a gear 75 in mesh of-the well known appropriatedesigns forithe operations to be described hereinafter. A drum 1781s secured onthe upper shaft '73'betw'een-the 7 arms 71 and 72 and the inner ends of the cables 45a and: 46d are'wound around saiddrum 78fin opposite directions, their ends being secured with a larger gear- '76, which gear IsQOperated from the" power plant or' source of pOWerIin-thej cabin 11, through a clutch mechanism '77 of any thereto. A heavy cross bar '79 is'arrangedbetween the two arins'll and72 below the drum-.78, its ends being secured to said-two. arms and reliably connecting the same-to one another; making one substantially H shaped, rigid, rockable 7 frame therewith. An arm 80 is secured on said cross bar '79 or may be integral therewith .ex-;

tending rearwardly and downwardlyfromlthe center thereofand "a weight'81 may be'secur'ed,

hanging from said arm 80 bytheflexible rope or cable 82 which is ledthrough appropriate guide rollers-(not shown) in'the'inside of the cabi'n ll.

The opposite end of shaft 74 carries asprocket 90 which transmits the rotation ,of said shaft through achain 9l to a sprocket" 92 secured on the corresponding end of the upper shaft 73.

as V

The sliding bottom'or-gate39is shown in Fig. I I

.3 and Fig. 4 as in an open position and, when" it: is desired to close the same, clutch 77"will be thrown into'operation in one direction so-tha't' the drum '78 will be rotated in the sense of winding the cable'45a andunwinding the cable 46a.-;Thls

will cause shaft '44 on the shank or frame 23 of I the shovel hea'd'proper 19 to rotate in such a di-.

65 rection that the cables 41 will be unwound from r additional security may be provided, as it is well known in the art for such situations.

Before a new digging operation is started the gate 39 obviously will be placed into its open position, the steam shovel manoeuvered, as it is usual,and when a desired amount of material hasv been enclosed in its head, clutch 77 will be thrown into a position to close the gate 39, after which the clutch will again be thrown into a neutral position, the steam shovel moved as usual, and

then the clutch thrown into a reverse position,

opening the'gate 39 and permitting the contents of the shovel head to be dropped therefrom. If during these operations an inward or outward movement of the shovel head is necessary in relation to the cabin 11, the swinging arms '71- and 72 will permit such movement, rocking outwardly (in the @direction of arrow 10a) with the outward movement of the shovel head and being brought backwardly through the influence of the weight 81 (in the direction of arrow b) when the shovel head is moved inwardly and the cables 45a. and 46a would become slackened. It is obvious that instead of the weight 81 an appropriate spring or other resilient, yielding means may be employed to have the same effect on the rocking arms 71 and 72. A separate roller 85may be arranged to the rear of the rocking arms '71 and '72 to provide a rest for the cable 82 when the arms '71 and '72 are in their extreme forward position.

It will be seen that my device provides a steam shovel adapted for large operations, that is, for quickly and efficiently digging away large masses of material, like preparing a long canal, new river beds, and the like, and it also prevents any loss of material, it being completely closed after digging and while the material is moved in the shovel head.

It will be understood that changes and variations may be made in the parts and combinations of my device and I hereby reserve all my rights to any and all such changes as are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims. t l

I also want to remark that projections or stops may be provided on the slide gate 39 to limit its closing movement, as will be obvious, andso prevent its front knife edge from hitting its rest in the rear of the front wall 24 with such a force as to injure the same and that. said gate or bottom 39 and its guide shank 23 are made rather. long which will aid in'their smooth and efficient operation.

What I claim as new, is:-

1. An excavating shovel comprising a forwardly declining front wall, parallel side walls and a shank portion; the front wall extending lower than the side walls; and cutting teeth supported by the lower edges of the said front and side walls.

2. An excavating shovel comprising a housing defined by a forwardly declining front wall having unitary cutting teeth at its forward edge, parallel substantiallyv vertical side walls having unitary cutting teeth at their lower edges; ashank portion; a gate slidable therethrough and through said housing; a yielding scraper resting on said gate and means for imparting reciprocating movements to said gate.

3. An excavating shovel comprising a housing defined by front and side digging walls; the'front wall extending lower than the side walls;

cutting teeth on the bottom edges of said digging walls; a shank portion; a gate slidable insaid shank portion and through said housing and means for operating said gate.

4. In combination with an excavating shovel having a movable'shovel beam, a shovel head proper in the form of a downwardly opencontainer having cutting edges at the lower ends of its walls for diggingoperations secured on said beam; a slide bottom gate for said head; cable means to operate saidlbottom; cable means to means to yieldingly force said frame in an inward direction but permitting its outward. rocking. i

40 close said bottom; means to alternately actuate WILLIAM POLGAR. I a V 

